- Head / Neck
- Shoulder
- Elbow
- Wrist / Hand
- Back
- Hip / Tight
- Knee
- Leg
- Ankle / Foot
Ankle / Foot
Ankle Injuries and Disorders
URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html
Your ankle bone and the ends of your two lower leg bones make up the ankle joint. Your ligaments, which connect bones to one another, stabilize and support it. Your muscles and tendons move it.
The most common ankle problems are sprains and fractures. A sprain is an injury to the ligaments. It may take a few weeks to many months to heal completely. A fracture is a break in a bone. You can also injure other parts of the ankle such as tendons, which join muscles to bone, and cartilage, which cushions your joints. Ankle sprains and fractures are common sports injuries.
- Ankle Problems(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/tools/symptom/543.printerview.html
- Ankle Pain(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ankle-pain/MY00083/METHOD=print
- Artificial Ankle Takes Giant Step Forward(06/18/2009, HealthDay) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_85794.html
- FDA Approves New Total Ankle Replacement System (05/27/2009, Food and Drug Administration) - http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm162046.htm
- Ankle Problems(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/tools/symptom/543.printerview.html
- Bone X-Ray (Radiography)(American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) - http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=bonerad&bhcp=1
Also available in Spanish http://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=bonerad
- Conventional Arthrography (Joint X-Ray)(American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) - http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=arthrog&bhcp=1
Also available in Spanish http://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=arthrog
- Care of Casts and Splints(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00095
Also available in Spanish http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00496
- Foot and Ankle Injuries(American Podiatric Medical Association) - http://www.apma.org/MainMenu/Foot-Health/FootHealthBrochures/GeneralFootHealthBrochures/FootandAnkleInjuries.aspx
- Joint and Soft Tissue Injections(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/injuries/774.printerview.html
Also available in Spanish http://familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home/healthy/physical/injuries/774.printerview.html
- What Is a Foot and Ankle Surgeon?(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footanklesurgeon/
- Ankle Sprain Strengthening Exercises(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://www.aofas.org/Scripts/4Disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=57
- Ankle Sprain Stretching Exercises(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://www.aofas.org/Scripts/4Disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=58
- MedlinePlus: Mobility Aids
- Canes, crutches, walkers, wheelchairs - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mobilityaids.html
- Ankle Fractures(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00391
- Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00209
- Broken Ankle/Broken Foot(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/broken-ankle/DS00951/METHOD=print
- Chronic Ankle Instability(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/chronic-ankle-instability.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/inestabilidad-cronica-de-tobillo.htm
- Equinus(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/Equinus.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/equinismo.htm
- Fracture of the Talus(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00170
- Os Trigonum Syndrome(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/os_trigonum_syndrome.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/Síndrome_del_Hueso_Trígono.htm
- Osteoarthritis of the Foot and Ankle(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/osteoarthritis.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/osteoartritis-del-pie-y-el-tobillo.htm
- Peroneal Tendon Injuries(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/peroneal-tendon.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/lesiones-del-tendon-peroneo.htm
- Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00163&return_link=0
- Sprained Ankle(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00150
- Stress Fractures of the Foot and Ankle(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00379
- Talar Dome Lesion(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/Lesion.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/Lesion.htm
- Leg Swelling(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/leg-swelling/MY00592/METHOD=print
- Questions and Answers about Sprains and Strains
(National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases) - http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sprains_Strains/default.asp
- Ankle Injury(DSHI Systems) - http://www.freemd.com/ankle-injury/visit-virtual-doctor.htm
- Ankle Swelling (Both Ankles)(DSHI Systems) - http://www.freemd.com/ankle-swelling-bilateral/visit-virtual-doctor.htm
- Ankle Swelling (One Ankle)(DSHI Systems) - http://www.freemd.com/ankle-swelling-unilateral/visit-virtual-doctor.htm
- Ankle Sprain(Healthy Roads Media) - http://www.healthyroadsmedia.org/english/Files/flv/enganksp.htm
- Tendon and Ligament Repairs in the Foot and Ankle(OR-Live) - One hour program - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/NLM/rnh.cfm?id=297
Also available in Spanish http://www.or-live.com/distributors/NLM-Spanish/wrm_1463/rnh_sp.cfm
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Ankle Injuries
(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Ankle+Injuries%22
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
- Article: Simultaneous reconstruction of the medial and lateral ligament complexes of... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=19487530&tool=MedlinePlus
- Article: Micromotion at the fracture site after tibial nailing with four... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=19430244&tool=MedlinePlus
- Article: A occult and regular combination injury: the posterior malleolar fracture... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=19430243&tool=MedlinePlus
- Ankle Injuries and Disorders -- see more articles - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term=ankle+injuries[mh]+OR+ankle/ab[mh]+OR+ankle+joint/ab[mh]+AND+humans[mh]+AND+english[la]+AND+(jsubsetk[text]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt]+OR+jsubsetn[text]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+review[pt]+OR+guideline[pt]+OR+clinical+trial[pt])+NOT+letter[pt]&doptcmdl=summary&cmd_current=Limits&pmfilter_EDatLimit=last+1+Year&tool=MedlinePlus
- Glossary of Foot and Ankle Terms(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://www.aofas.org/scripts/4disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=94
- Glossary of Orthopaedic Words(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/glossary.cfm
- Find a Physician (Podiatrist)(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/findphysician/default.htm?disclaimer=1
- Find an Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle MD(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://www.aofas.org/Scripts/4Disapi.dll/4DCGI/directory/person.html?Action=AOFAS&AOFAS_Activity=Directory&MenuKey=123&Time=77704784&SessionID=88303289sfi4661559tb9f1p3j86a4a85344ld49u0034xa00j3495nbi16f1fz7
- Find an Orthopaedist(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://www6.aaos.org/about/public/members.cfm
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - http://www.aaos.org/
- American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society - http://www.aofas.org/
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- http://www.niams.nih.gov/
Also available in Spanish http://www.niams.nih.gov/Portal_En_Espanol/
- Pediatric and Adolescent Foot and Ankle Problems(Cleveland Clinic Foundation) - http://my.clevelandclinic.org/healthy_living/childrens_health/hic_pediatric_and_adolescent_foot_and_ankle_problems.aspx
- Foot Injuries and Disorders - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/footinjuriesanddisorders.html
- Sprains and Strains - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sprainsandstrains.html
- Bones, Joints and Muscles - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonesjointsandmuscles.html
- Injuries and Wounds - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/injuriesandwounds.html
The primary NIH organization for research on Ankle Injuries and Disorders is the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases -http://www.niams.nih.gov/
Ankle Injuries and Disorders - Multiple Languages - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html
Date last updated: July 05 2009
Topic last reviewed: June 03 2009
From MedlinePlus (http://medlineplus.gov), 24 Hour Health Information.
Foot Injuries and Disorders
URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/footinjuriesanddisorders.html
Each of your feet has 26 bones, 33 joints, and more than 100 tendons, muscles and ligaments. No wonder a lot of things can go wrong. Here are a few common problems:
- Bunions - hard, painful bumps on the big toe joint
- Hammer toes - toes that curl downward into a claw-like position
- Calluses and corns - thickened skin from friction or pressure
- Plantar warts - warts on the soles of your feet
- Fallen arches - also called flat feet
Ill-fitting shoes often cause these problems. Aging and being overweight also increase your chances of having foot problems.
- Common Foot Problems(Logical Images) - http://www.visualdxhealth.com/diseaseGroups/feet.htm
- Adult Foot(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://www.aofas.org/scripts/4disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=62
- Health Tip: Keep Feet Healthy This Summer(06/30/2009, HealthDay) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_86255.html
- Bone X-Ray (Radiography)(American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) - http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=bonerad&bhcp=1
Also available in Spanish http://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=bonerad
- Foot Problems(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/tools/symptom/544.printerview.html
- Foot Push-Up Test(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/push-up.htm
- Watch Out for These Red Flags(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://www.aofas.org/Scripts/4Disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=75
- Where Does It Hurt?(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://www.aofas.org/Scripts/4Disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=187
- Foot and Ankle Injuries(American Podiatric Medical Association) - http://www.apma.org/MainMenu/Foot-Health/FootHealthBrochures/GeneralFootHealthBrochures/FootandAnkleInjuries.aspx
- Forefoot Surgery(American Podiatric Medical Association) - http://www.apma.org/MainMenu/Foot-Health/FootHealthBrochures/GeneralFootHealthBrochures/ForefootSurgery.aspx
- Orthotics(American Podiatric Medical Association) - http://www.apma.org/MainMenu/Foot-Health/FootHealthBrochures/GeneralFootHealthBrochures/Orthotics.aspx
- Rearfoot Surgery(American Podiatric Medical Association) - http://www.apma.org/MainMenu/Foot-Health/FootHealthBrochures/GeneralFootHealthBrochures/RearfootSurgery.aspx
- MedlinePlus: Mobility Aids - Canes, crutches, walkers, wheelchairs - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mobilityaids.html
- Acute Inflammation(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/inflammation.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/inflamacion-aguda.htm
- Arthritis(American Podiatric Medical Association) - http://www.apma.org/MainMenu/Foot-Health/FootHealthBrochures/GeneralFootHealthBrochures/Arthritis.aspx
- Blisters: First Aid(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/first-aid-blisters/WL00008/METHOD=print
- Broken Ankle/Broken Foot(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/broken-ankle/DS00951/METHOD=print
- Burning Feet(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/burning-feet/MY00409/METHOD=print&DSECTION=all
- Cavus Foot (High-Arched Foot)(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/cavus-foot.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/pie-cavo.htm
- Charcot Foot(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/charcot-foot.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/pie-de-charcot.htm
- Compartment Syndrome(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00204
- Corns and Calluses(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/corns-and-calluses/DS00033/METHOD=print
- Equinus(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/Equinus.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/equinismo.htm
- Flexible Flatfoot(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/flatfoot.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/pie-plano-flexible.htm
- Foot Drop
(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/foot_drop/foot_drop.htm
- Foot Sprain(InteliHealth) - http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtPrint/WSIHW000/9339/25957.html?hide=t&k=basePrint
- Fracture of the Talus(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00170
- Fractures of the Fifth Metatarsal(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/fifth-metatarsal_fractures.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/fracturas-del-quinto-metatarsiano.htm
- Ganglion Cyst(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/ganglion-cyst.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/quiste-de-ganglio.htm
- Get Square with Your Feet: Add Arthritis to the Mix(Arthritis Foundation) - http://www.arthritis.org/foot-care.php
- Itchy Hands or Feet(Logical Images) - http://www.visualdxhealth.com/diseaseGroups/itchyHandsFeet.htm
- Lisfranc (Midfoot) Fractures(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00162&return_link=0
- Malignant Melanoma of the Foot(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/Malignant_Melanoma.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/melanoma-maligno-del-pie.htm
- Metatarsalgia(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/metatarsalgia/DS00496/DSECTION=all&METHOD=print
- Morton’s Neuroma(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/mortons-neuroma.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/neuroma-de-morton.htm
- Peroneal Tendon Injuries(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/peroneal-tendon.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/lesiones-del-tendon-peroneo.htm
- Plantar Fibroma(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/Plantar_Fibroma.htm
- Plantar Warts(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/plantar-warts/DS00509/METHOD=print
- Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00166
- Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/pttd.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/disfuncion-del-tendon-tibial-posterior.htm
- Puncture Wounds(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/puncture-wounds.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/heridas-por-puncion.htm
- Sesamoid Injuries in the Foot and Turf Toe(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/Sesamoid_Injuries.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/lesiones-en-un-hueso-sesamoideo-del-pie.htm
- Stress Fractures of the Foot and Ankle(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00379
- Tarsal Coalition(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/Tarsal_Coalition.htm
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/tarsal-tunnel-syndrome.htm
- Trench Foot or Immersion Foot(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/trenchfoot.asp
Also available in Spanish http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/espanol/trenchfoot.asp
- Callus(Logical Images) - http://www.visualdxhealth.com/adult/callus.htm
- Corn(Logical Images) - http://www.visualdxhealth.com/adult/corn.htm
- Pitted Keratolysis(Logical Images) - http://www.visualdxhealth.com/adult/pittedKeratolysis.htm
- Plantar Wart(Logical Images) - http://www.visualdxhealth.com/adult/plantarWart.htm
- Foot Pain(DSHI Systems) - http://www.freemd.com/foot-pain/visit-virtual-doctor.htm
- Foot Swelling (DSHI Systems) - http://www.freemd.com/foot-swelling-unilateral/visit-virtual-doctor.htm
- Numbness of the Feet or Toes(DSHI Systems) - http://www.freemd.com/numbness-of-the-feet-or-toes/visit-virtual-doctor.htm
- Tendon and Ligament Repairs in the Foot and Ankle(OR-Live) - One hour program - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/NLM/rnh.cfm?id=297
Also available in Spanish http://www.or-live.com/distributors/NLM-Spanish/wrm_1463/rnh_sp.cfm
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Foot Diseases
(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Foot+Diseases%22
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Foot Injuries
(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Foot+Injuries%22
- Genetics Home Reference: Hand-foot-genital syndrome
(National Library of Medicine) - http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=handfootgenitalsyndrome
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
- Article: Can shoe inserts from the drugstore relieve foot pain? - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=19492435&tool=MedlinePlus
- Article: Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=19487512&tool=MedlinePlus
- Article: Computed tomography of the bones of the foot: neoplastic disease. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=19478640&tool=MedlinePlus
- Foot Injuries and Disorders -- see more articles - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term=(foot[majr]+AND+(orthotic+devices[majr]+OR+sports[majr]+OR+athletic+injuries[majr]))+OR+(foot/ab[majr]+OR+tarsal+joints[majr]+OR+foot+injuries[majr]+OR+(foot+diseases[majr]+NOT+(fasciitis,plantar[mh]+OR+heel+spur[mh]+OR+metatarsalgia[mh]))+OR+foot+deformities[majr])+NOT+(leg[majr:noexp]+OR+ankle+injuries[mh]+OR+! ankle[mh]+OR+ankle+joint[mh]+OR+heel[majr]+OR+leg+injuries[majr:noexp]+OR+femoral+fractures[majr:noexp]+OR+tibial+fractures[majr]+OR+leg+bones/injuries[majr:noexp]+OR+diabetic+foot[mh]+OR+tinea+pedis[mh]+OR+toes[majr]+OR+toe+joint[majr]+OR+hammer+toe+syndrome[majr]+OR+hallux+valgus[majr]+OR+hallux+varus[majr])+AND+humans[mh]+AND+english[la]+AND+(jsubsetk[text]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt]+OR+jsubsetn[text]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+review[pt]+OR+guideline[pt]+OR+clinical+trial[pt]+OR+systematic[sb])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+case+reports[pt])&doptcmdl=summary&cmd_current=Limits&pmfilter_EDatLimit=last+1+Year&tool=MedlinePlus
- Glossary of Foot and Ankle Terms(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://www.aofas.org/scripts/4disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=94
- Glossary of Orthopaedic Words(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/glossary.cfm
- American Podiatric Medical Association: Find a Professional(American Podiatric Medical Association) - http://iweb.apma.org/buyersguide/professionalsearch.aspx?x=23&y=6
- Find a Physician (Podiatrist)(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/findphysician/default.htm?disclaimer=1
- Find an Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle MD(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) - http://www.aofas.org/Scripts/4Disapi.dll/4DCGI/directory/person.html?Action=AOFAS&AOFAS_Activity=Directory&MenuKey=123&Time=77704784&SessionID=88303289sfi4661559tb9f1p3j86a4a85344ld49u0034xa00j3495nbi16f1fz7
- Find an Orthopaedist(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://www6.aaos.org/about/public/members.cfm
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - http://www.aaos.org/
- American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society - http://www.aofas.org/
- American Podiatric Medical Association - http://www.apma.org/
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- http://www.niams.nih.gov/
Also available in Spanish http://www.niams.nih.gov/Portal_En_Espanol/
- Medicare(American Podiatric Medical Association) - http://www.apma.org/MainMenu/Foot-Health/FootHealthBrochures/GeneralFootHealthBrochures/MedicareBrochures/Medicare.aspx
- If the Shoe Fits, Wear It(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00146&return_link=0
- Blisters, Calluses, and Corns(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/kid/ill_injure/aches/blisters.html
Also available in Spanish http://kidshealth.org/kid/en_espanol/enfermadades/blisters_esp.html
- Clubfoot(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00255
Also available in Spanish http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00483
- Common Childhood Orthopedic Conditions(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/bones/common_ortho.html
Also available in Spanish http://kidshealth.org/parent/en_espanol/general/common_ortho_esp.html
- Flexible Flatfoot in Children(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00046
- Intoeing(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00055&return_link=0
- Pediatric Flatfoot(American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons) - http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/pediatric-flatfoot.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.footphysicians.com/espanol/pie-plano-pediátrico.htm
- Polydactyly (Supernumerary Digit)(Logical Images) - http://www.visualdxhealth.com/infant/supernumeraryDigit.htm
- Problems with Legs and Feet(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/bone/orthopedic_conditions.html
- Sweaty Sock Syndrome (Juvenile Plantar Dermatosis)(Logical Images) - http://www.visualdxhealth.com/child/juvenilePlantarDermatosis.htm
- Why Do Feet Stink?(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/kid/talk/yucky/feet_stink.html
- Why Does My Foot Fall Asleep?(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/kid/talk/qa/foot_asleep.html
- Foot Care
(National Institute on Aging) - http://www.nia.nih.gov/HealthInformation/Publications/footcare.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nia.nih.gov/HealthInformation/Publications/Spanish/footcare-sp.htm - Foot Problems(AGS Foundation for Health in Aging) - http://www.healthinaging.org/agingintheknow/chapters_ch_trial.asp?ch=42
- Ankle Injuries and Disorders - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html
- Diabetic Foot - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabeticfoot.html
- Foot Health - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/foothealth.html
- Heel Injuries and Disorders - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html
- Leg Injuries and Disorders - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/leginjuriesanddisorders.html
- Toe Injuries and Disorders - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html
- Bones, Joints and Muscles - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonesjointsandmuscles.html
- Injuries and Wounds - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/injuriesandwounds.html
The primary NIH organization for research on Foot Injuries and Disorders is the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases -http://www.niams.nih.gov/
Date last updated: July 11 2009
Topic last reviewed: April 04 2009
From MedlinePlus (http://medlineplus.gov), 24 Hour Health Information.
