Shoulder

Shoulder

Your shoulders are the most movable joints in your body. They can also be unstable because the ball of the upper arm is larger than the shoulder socket that holds it. To remain in a stable or normal position, the shoulder must be anchored by muscles, tendons and ligaments. Because the shoulder can be unstable, it is the site of many common problems. They include sprains, strains, dislocations, separations, tendinitis, bursitis, torn rotator cuffs, frozen shoulder, fractures and arthritis.

Shoulder injuries are often treated with exercises, manual therapy, and modalities to reduce pain, decreased range of motion, and limited function.

Below are articles related to shoulder injuries:

Shoulder Problems(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/tools/symptom/518.printerview.html

What Are Shoulder Problems?(National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases) - http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Shoulder_Problems/shoulder_problems_ff.asp

Also available in Spanish http://www.niams.nih.gov/Portal_En_Espanol/Informacion_de_Salud/Problemas_hombros/default.asp

Overviews

Common Shoulder Injuries(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00327

Questions and Answers about Shoulder Problems(National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases) -

http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Shoulder_Problems/default.asp

Shoulder Pain(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/injuries/268.printerview.html

Also available in Spanish

http://familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home/healthy/physical/injuries/268.printerview.html

Taking Care of Your Shoulder(American Physical Therapy Association) - Links to PDF - http://www.apta.org/AM/Images/APTAIMAGES/ContentImages/ptandbody/shoulder/shoulder.pdf

News Articles

Shoulder Surgery Helps Athletes Get Back in the Game(07/10/2009, HealthDay) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_86722.html

Strength Testing Could Reduce Pitching Injuries(07/10/2009, HealthDay) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_86721.html

Nonsurgical Treatment May Ease Rotator Cuff Injury(06/30/2009, HealthDay) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_86256.html

Diagnosis/Symptoms

Conventional Arthrography (Joint X-Ray)(American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) - http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=arthrog&bhcp=1

Also available in Spanish http://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=arthrog

MRI of the Musculoskeletal System(American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) - http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=muscmr

Also available in Spanish http://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=muscmr

Shoulder Arthroscopy(Patient Education Institute) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/shoulderarthroscopy/htm/index.htm

Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/shoulderarthroscopyspanish/htm/index.htm

Shoulder Problems(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/tools/symptom/518.printerview.html

Ultrasound - Musculoskeletal(American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) - http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=musculous

Also available in Spanish http://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=musculous

Treatment

Joint and Soft Tissue Injections(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/injuries/774.printerview.html

Also available in Spanish http://familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home/healthy/physical/injuries/774.printerview.html

Rotator Cuff Tears and Treatment Options(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00406

Shoulder Replacement(Patient Education Institute) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/shoulderreplacement/htm/index.htm

Also available in Spanish

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/shoulderreplacementspanish/htm/index.htm

Thermal Capsulorrhaphy(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00034

Rehabilitation/Recovery

Shoulder Osteoarthritis Treatment(UpToDate) - http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=bone_joi/8530

Shoulder Surgery Exercise Guide(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00067

Also available in Spanish http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00495

Specific Conditions
AC (Acromioclavicular) Joint Injuries(American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine) - Links to PDF - http://www.sportsmed.org/secure/reveal/admin/uploads/documents/ST%20AC%20Joint%20Injuries%2008.pdf

Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/injuries/374.printerview.html

Also available in Spanish http://familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home/healthy/physical/injuries/374.printerview.html

Arthritis of the Shoulder(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00222

Biceps Tendinitis of the Shoulder(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00026&return_link=0

Biceps Tendon Tear at the Shoulder(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00031

Broken Collarbone(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00072

Dislocated Shoulder(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/dislocated-shoulder/DS00597/DSECTION=all&METHOD=print

Fracture of the Shoulder Blade (Scapula)(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00359

Impingement of the Shoulder(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00032

Overuse Injuries(National Athletic Trainers' Association) - http://www.nata.org/consumer/overuse.htm

Rotator Cuff Injuries(Patient Education Institute) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/rotatorcuffinjuries/htm/index.htm

Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/rotatorcuffinjuriesspanish/htm/index.htm

Separated Shoulder(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/separated-shoulder/DS00933/DSECTION=all&METHOD=print

Shoulder Instability: When Your Shoulder "Goes Out"(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/injuries/390.printerview.html

Also available in Spanish http://familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home/healthy/physical/injuries/390.printerview.html

Shoulder Joint Tear (Glenoid Labrum Tear)(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00426

Related Issues
Rotator Cuff Exercises(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/injuries/265.printerview.html

Also available in Spanish http://familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home/healthy/physical/injuries/265.printerview.html

Health Check Tools

Shoulder Injury(DSHI Systems) - http://www.freemd.com/shoulder-injury/visit-virtual-doctor.htm

Tutorials

Rotator Cuff Injuries(Patient Education Institute) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/rotatorcuffinjuries/htm/index.htm

Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/rotatorcuffinjuriesspanish/htm/index.htm

Shoulder Arthroscopy(Patient Education Institute) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/shoulderarthroscopy/htm/index.htm

Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/shoulderarthroscopyspanish/htm/index.htm

Shoulder Replacement(Patient Education Institute) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/shoulderreplacement/htm/index.htm

Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/shoulderreplacementspanish/htm/index.htm

Videos

Anatomic Total Shoulder System(OR-Live) - One hour program - 4/17/2008 - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/nlm-flash/deo_2053/rnh.cfm?id=717

Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair(OR-Live) - One hour program - 10/19/2006 - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/NLM/rnh.cfm?id=331

Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Procedure(OR-Live) - One hour program - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/NLM/rnh.cfm?id=260

Bankart Repair To Correct Shoulder Instability(OR-Live) - One hour program - 2/21/2008 - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/nlm-flash/cak_1838/rnh.cfm?id=699

Comprehensive Approach to Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair(OR-Live) - One hour program - 6/25/2008 - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/nlm-flash/dem_2441/rnh.cfm?id=746

Comprehensive Approach to Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Options and Techniques(OR-Live) - One hour program - 09/19/2007 - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/nlm-flash/dem_2006/rnh.cfm?id=618

Reverse Shoulder System(OR-Live) - One hour program - 4/30/2008 - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/nlm-flash/deo_2054/rnh.cfm?id=712

Rotator Cuff Repair(OR-Live) - One hour program - 6/18/2008 - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/nlm-flash/bah_2388/rnh.cfm?id=744

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty(OR-Live) - One hour program - 10/18/2007 - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/nlm-flash/bio_1745/rnh.cfm?id=644

Clinical Trials

ClinicalTrials.gov: Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Acromioclavicular+Joint%22

ClinicalTrials.gov: Dislocations(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Dislocations%22

ClinicalTrials.gov: Rotator Cuff Injuries(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Rotator+Cuff%22

ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoulder Dislocation(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Shoulder+Dislocation%22

ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoulder Fractures(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Shoulder+Fractures%22

ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Shoulder+Impingement+Syndrome%22

ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoulder Injuries(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Shoulder%22

Journal Articles

References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
Article: Consistency of long-term outcome of acute Rockwood grade III acromioclavicular... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=19509629&tool=MedlinePlus

Article: Proximal humeral migration in shoulders with symptomatic and asymptomatic rotator... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=19487518&tool=MedlinePlus

Article: Open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures with... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=19487508&tool=MedlinePlus

Shoulder Injuries and Disorders -- see more articles - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term=(shoulder+dislocation[majr]+OR+shoulder+fractures[majr]+OR+shoulder/in[majr]+OR+shoulder+impingement+syndrome[majr]+OR+rotator+cuff/in[majr]+OR+(acromioclavicular+joint[majr]+AND+dislocations[majr]))+AND+english[la]+AND+humans[mh]+AND+(jsubsetk[text]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+jsubsetn[text]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+case+reports[pt])&doptcmdl=summary&cmd_current=Limits&pmfilter_EDatLimit=last+1+Year&tool=MedlinePlus

Dictionaries/Glossaries

Glossary of Orthopaedic Words(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/glossary.cfm

Directories

Find an Orthopaedist(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) - http://www6.aaos.org/about/public/members.cfm

Organizations

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - http://www.aaos.org/

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases - http://www.niams.nih.gov/

Also available in Spanish http://www.niams.nih.gov/Portal_En_Espanol/

You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages:
Hand Injuries and Disorders - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/handinjuriesanddisorders.html

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html

Bones, Joints and Muscles - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonesjointsandmuscles.html

Injuries and Wounds - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/injuriesandwounds.html

The primary NIH organization for research on Shoulder Injuries and Disorders is the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases -http://www.niams.nih.gov/

Shoulder Injuries and Disorders - Multiple Languages - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/languages/shoul...

Date last updated: July 21 2009
Topic last reviewed: December 01 2008
From MedlinePlus (http://medlineplus.gov), 24 Hour Health Information.